Wanne daga cikin tayarai na OTR suna daidaita da standar da ke tsere hanyar ayyukan taguwa?

Asalin Ainuna: MSHA, OSHA, da Standar na TRA don Tayarai na OTR

MSHA Part 46/48 da OSHA 1926 Subpart F: Matakan Izini Masu mahimmanci don Amfani da Tayarai na OTR a Cikin Taguwa

Masu aikawa daga cikin shafin na yanki suna bukatar daidaitawa ga MSHA Part 46/48 koyarwa kayayan daidaitawa kuma OSHA 1926 Subpart F gyaran matakin don gudanar da kayayyaki, musamman don kwando na abubuwan na yanki na waje. Waɗannan gyaran matakin suna ƙovera wasu yanayin muhimmi suka hada da koyarwa masu amfani game da alhakin da ke zama akan kwando na abubuwan na yanki bayan an sauya su, yin amfani da wadannan abubuwan tare da tsari, kuma sanin yadda za a samu abubuwan na yanki ko za a fita daga cikinsu. Akwai kuma wani gyara mai mahimmanci ne daga OSHA, number 29 CFR 1910.212 wanda ke koyaushe kwando na abubuwan na yanki. Wannan ya bada shawarar haɗa sarufin kariya kan kowane abu mai rukunin gudanarwa yayin aiki. Kuskuren cin daidaita waɗannan ma'auni zai iya mayar da alhakin mai mahimmanci a kududen. Da gaske kawai, MSHA ta ce ta nuna karshen kudi na uku 156,000 don kowane rashin daidaituwa ta fito. Matakan farko na yau da kullun sun hada da duba darajar gwaji game da darajar gwaji a cikin waɗannan abubuwan mai sauƙi, tabbatar da cewa akwai bayanin rubutu daga dubawar yau da kullun kafin farawa, kuma kada ka kasance kyale maimakon hanyar tattara lokacin da ake yi gyara. Duk wadannan matakan suna da mahimmanci saboda lambar ta nuna cewa matsalolin da ke zuwa tare da kwando suna ƙapsa take 18% na duk waɗannan alhakin girma da ke zuwa tare da abubuwan mai girma a cikin shafukan yanki.

TRA MS-15 da MS-16: Wurin Tafiya, Sauƙi, da Tsari na Giniyoyin Na'ura Tauna Kusuntawa

Giniyoyin MS-15 da MS-16 na Tire da Rim Association suna bayyana tsarin ilimi mai tsada don kusuntawa a cikin giniyoyin OTR tare da gwajin aiki mai yiwuwa. Waɗannan alamar yadda giniyoyi suna iya kama da kokarin fisikalci da harshen a wani abubuwa a cikin kankanta:

Haɗarin barci ya kawo 34% ga kamar yawa a gaske OTR—sauran hanyar haɗin TRA suna da mahimmanci. Tabbin kuwatunahu suna buƙatar dacewa da kwatantawa wanda ke nuna 10,000 sa’a na aiki, tauna sa hannu da tsaro mai zuwa bisa barci na harshe 400-ton. Kafin amfani, masu haɓaka dole ne su ba da wasikan gwajin talabijin na uku dacewa da standaɗi ISO 4223-1 game da kama'i.

Alamar OTR Gaske Wanda Take Haɗawa Kan Shari'a

Indaƙen Barci, Nisa Mai Kwana, Da Raba: Yaushe 24-Nisa+ Radial OTR Gasken Sun Dace Da ISO 4223-1 Da MSHA

Tayarai na OTR radial da aka kiyasta suka fi 24 plies ko karanci suna tabbatar da standaɗardi na ISO 4223-1 saboda suna fayyaden wataƙila a kan katunan fulani masu kankanta. Wadannan suna muhimmiyar rawar don samun abubuwa mai tsammanin haularwa da ke aiki a cikin shafukan da ke da matsala. Ga MSHA (Rahoton 48), masu amfani dole ne su gudanar da alamar yawan wataƙila ta hanyar nisa daga 15 zuwa 20% lokacin da suka sha da tariyan sute ko wuraren na musamman don wardawa tasiri na tayarai. Dole ne a sake duba tayarar da aka ilimin sa wataƙilarni 12,000 kg a 40 km/h sai dai akwai buƙatar nisa takambin 18% wataƙila a sama'an dutsen tariya. Kindon wannan nisa wataƙila yana taimakawa watsar tayarai domin kasancewa tsirgawa yayin da yake bamu hankali mai kyau don amfanin kari. Fomulolin sarafin rubber na zaman lafiya suna taimaka wajen tafiye batutuwan da suka buguwa fiye da 30 mm wanda yake mahimmanci saboda wannan girman bugun yana nuna yadda muchinta yana tadarrun a cikin tayarai a lokacin amfani mai tsawon shekara.

Kiyasin Lafaɗin: Da Yaushe R-1, L-2, da E-3 Na Tatsuniyar Tayan Suna Muhimmiyar Rawar Don Haularwarsa Mai Lafadi

Yi tsarin faranku yana iya aiki mahimmancin aikin sauyawa lokacin yin hannu da shigogga kamar wadanda ke hanyoyin halitta. Misali, tsarin R-1 treads suna da wadannan lugs mai tsoron da grooves na gurji wanda ke nukan dumiyan bayan 45 zuwa 55 kilometar per hour. Sai dai, akwai sashin L-2 wanda ke da kwallon shoulder masu iya ragewa sabon 8% karfi karaga waɗannan tsarin da aka fitowa. Kuma kada ku yi hankali kan E-3 treads wanda ke da zigzag siping wanda ke ragewa ukuwa na jiki ta 12 zuwa 15 daraja Celsius yayin rashin barci. Duk wadannan tsarin treads da aka yarda su ne don hana wear tires lokacin yin ragewa loads da suka fi 380 tons a cikin mituna mai tsokoki na hanyoyin minin. Girmamen da ke iya amfani da autoclavable suna iya taka muhimman canjin yanayi daga 120 zuwa 150 daraja Celsius, wanda ya samuwa akan ma'auni da TRA MS-16 zaɓuɓɓukan abin da aka call it controlled hysteresis. Ga addinin, wasu mai tsara suna sanya vents na zafi a wurin da ke bulance saboda hawa ta flow better kuma ta rage chance of blowouts bayan awa mai ciwon aikin.

Izini na Tayar Kuma Tsarin Haɓakke ta Hanyar Haɓakkar Gini a Duk Shekara mai Haɓakke

Ayyukan mayarwa suna daman kowane nau’i na takalmamin sauƙi kamar marayan kwayar, marayan wheel loaders, dozers da graders, kuma kowace wani duka bukata abubuwan tsaye na ƙasa (off-the-road tires) da aka ƙirga ne saboda buƙatar aikinsu. Marayan kwayoyin ultra class masu girman yawa su bukata waɗanda suka bi 57 inch radial da aka yarda su da 40 plies ko fiye don sake sauya bayanan da suka fi 400 tons. Don marayan kwayoyin articulated dump trucks, kwallon sidewayolin masu kankanta tare da R1 treads su taimakawa wadansu su kama da kasancewa masu zurfi kamar yadda suke tafiya sama zuwa wuraren mai zurfi da rukunin tafiya. Loaders suna da abubuwan tsaye masu zafi da bead bundles masu quwar da take saboda ayyukan shafafa da ke juyawa sosai. Graders kuma suna bukatar abubuwan tsaye da materials da ba za su karɓe ba saboda suna aiki dayam dayam a kan sarufu masu karkashewa. Samun abubuwan tsaye masu iyaka bai hanya mai kyau bala wani abu MSHA inspectors ke duba shi a karkashin auditonsa na Part 46. Alaluben da aka samu suyan amfani da abubuwan tsaye mara iyaka suna da damar samun harshen da ke nusa $74k per violation bisa bayanan MSHA na mili. Don tabbatar da inganci, masu amfani suna bukatar hada load charts na original equipment manufacturer tare da TRA speed da load guidelines don tabbatar da abubuwan tsayen duka suna canza maƙalar manufacturer ya ambata da wadanda qanunon suna ambata bisa ga hanyoyin mayarwa da nau’in abubuwan da ake sayawa.

Iyakar Aiki: Duba, Gudanawa da Nuna Rashin Tattara OTR Tire Audits

Daga Dubawar Kullum zuwa MSHA-Recognized NDT: Tattaunawa OTR Tire Na'urar Lokaci

Zama tsakanin ayyukan da suka tabbatar da inganci ya dace ne da uku abubuwa: buƙatu mai yawa, kama'a wajen gyara abubuwan da suka shafi, da kuma kiyaye bayanai don buƙatu yayin da su bukata. Foye har ma rabin ranar farko don gano cuta, zagemta ko yanayin wear na musamman. Waɗannan tattaunawar alheri sune da kyau yana rage kansu ta halartar abada game da 40%, saboda bayanan MSHA daga shekarar da bayyane. Lokacin da aka duba abubuwan sauya, masu siyen kasuwa suna so su yi amfani da kayan MSHA da aka yarda ba su dake karfafa (Non-Destructive Testing) kamar shearography ko ultrasound scans. Hanyoyin waɗannan suna ganowa matsalolin jijjiga kamar farawa a tsakanin layer ko tafarar a cikin plys da babbu zai iya ganin sai dai har ma dubawa. Yi amfani da hanyar wannan karfin ajiye da kuma kiyaye girman gwaji, saboda muna san cewa tayarai da ke da gwagwarmar pressure ne suna da halarta game da 70% na rashin aiki a lokacin farko a cikin wasan taro. Ayyukan gyara dole ne su tabbata cewa su kan shigar da manhajar masu amfani da suka kirkirce kuma su dace da standarren TRA. Kiyaye sigar treads (azaman 25mm shine da ake buƙata don harkulin taro), duba idodi na sidewalls domin kama'a kowace 500 hours na ayyuka, kuma tabbata cewa pressure gauges suna da calibration mai kyau yayin da aka fara kowane ayyukan sabon.

Kashe kudaden digitani ta gama sauri a cikin bayyane da kuma ta inganta iyaka don duba. Sanya duk wadannan kayayyakin gaske zuwa shekara uku da hale, don dabo MSHA Part 48:

Haɗin da dagan wannan yare ke kara yawan rashin aiki ta hanyar tsakanin 60%, saboda ilimin yanar gizon OTR game da tallafin idon basira.

Masu Sabon Gaskiya

Wanne ne masu mahimmanci gabataban gyabbarwa don idon basira na OTR a cikin cin zarau?

Gabataban masu mahimmanci sun haɗa MSHA Babban 46/48 don ilimi, OSHA 1926 Babban F don saukar da kayayyaki, da TRA MS-15 & MS-16 don ilmin sana'ar idon basira.

Mecece TRA gyabbarwa ke aciki don idon basira na OTR?

Ke aciki TRA saboda rashin gwada-gwado bayan kayan wani ke zama dalilin 34% na rashin karuwar idon basira na OTR. Ku yi amfani da alamar TRA sun sa idon basira su iya tafiyyawa zuwa kai tsakanin kima da tsarin kishidayi.

Yaushe alamar idon basira kamar adadin laya da alamar nisa ke tsauraran tsari?

Alamar kamar adadin 24-laya da alamar nisa ke tsaurare cikakken idon basira, gwada-gwado kayan wani, da sauya harshen, waɗannan ne masu mahimmanci don aminci a cin zarau.